Middle Ages: the phenomenon of reminiscence, of which 
     more must be said later. With regard to literature, a 
     fundamental observation must be made here; in the 
     Middle Ages, as in antiquity, they read usually, not as 
     today, principally with the eyes, but with the lips, 
     pronouncing what they saw, and with the ears, listening 
     to the words pronounced, hearing what is called the 
     “voices of the pages.” It is a real acoustical reading; 
     legere  means at the same time audire ; one understands 
     only what one hears, as we still say: “entendre le latin,” 
     which means to “comprehend” it. No doubt, silent 
     reading, or reading in a low voice, was not unknown; in 
     that case it is designated by expressions like those of St. 
     Benedict: tacite legere  or legere sibi , and according to St. 
     Augustine: legere in silentio , as opposed to the clara  
     lectio . But most frequently, when legere  and lectio  are